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( m. 1874; his death 1882)Children2, includingRelatives(father)(mother)(brother)Zerelda Mimms (cousin)Jesse Woodson James (September 5, 1847 – April 3, 1882) was an American outlaw, and, and leader of the. Raised in the ' area of western, James and his family maintained strong Southern sympathies. He and his brother joined pro- guerrillas known as ' operating in and during the. As followers of and, they were accused of participating in atrocities against and civilian abolitionists, including the in 1864.After the war, as members of various, Jesse and Frank robbed banks, stagecoaches, and trains across the, gaining national fame and often popular sympathy despite the brutality of their crimes. The James brothers were most active as members of their own gang from about 1866 until 1876, when as a result of their attempted robbery of a bank in, several members of the gang were captured or killed. They continued in crime for several years afterward, recruiting new members, but came under increasing pressure from law enforcement seeking to bring them to justice.

On April 3, 1882, Jesse James was shot and killed by, a new recruit to the gang who hoped to collect a reward on James' head and a promised amnesty for his previous crimes. Already a celebrity in life, James became a legendary figure of the after his death.Despite popular portrayals of James as an embodiment of, robbing from the rich and giving to the poor, there is no evidence that he and his gang shared any loot from their robberies with anyone outside their close kinship network. Scholars and historians have characterized James as one of many criminals inspired by the regional insurgencies of ex-Confederates following the Civil War, rather than as a manifestation of alleged or of lawlessness. James continues to be one of the most iconic figures from the era, and his life has been dramatized and memorialized numerous times. James' farm in, pictured in March 2010Jesse Woodson James was born on September 5, 1847 in, near the site of present-day. This area of was largely settled by people from the Upper South, especially and, and became known as for this reason.

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James had two full siblings: his elder brother, and a younger sister, Susan Lavenia James. His father, farmed commercial and was a minister before coming to Missouri. After he married, he migrated to Bradford, Missouri and helped found in. He held six slaves and more than 100 acres (0.40 km 2) of farmland.Robert traveled to during the to minister to those searching for gold; he died there when James was three years old.

After Robert's death, his widow remarried twice, first to in 1852 and then in 1855 to Dr., who moved into the James family home. Jesse's mother and Samuel had four children together: Sarah Louisa, John Thomas, Fannie Quantrell, and Archie Peyton Samuel. Zerelda and Samuel acquired a total of seven slaves, who served mainly as farmhands in. Historical contextThe approach of the loomed large in the James–Samuel household. Missouri was a, sharing characteristics of both North and South, but 75% of the population was from the South or other border states.

Clay County in particular was strongly influenced by the Southern culture of its rural pioneer families. Farmers raised the same crops and livestock as in the areas from which they had migrated. They brought slaves with them and purchased more according to their needs. The county counted more slaveholders and more slaves than most other regions of the state; in Missouri as a whole, slaves accounted for only 10 percent of the population, but in Clay County they constituted 25 percent.

Aside from, the culture of Little Dixie was Southern in other ways as well. This influenced how the population acted during and for a period of time after the war.After the passage of the in 1854, Clay County became the scene of great turmoil, as the question of whether slavery would be expanded into the neighboring bred tension and hostility. Many people from Missouri migrated to Kansas to try to influence its future. Much of the dramatic build-up to the Civil War centered on the on the Kansas–Missouri border between pro- and anti-slavery militias. American Civil War. James as a young manAfter a series of campaigns and battles between conventional armies in 1861, warfare gripped Missouri, waged between secessionist ' and forces which largely consisted of local known as '. A bitter conflict ensued, resulting in an escalating cycle of atrocities committed by both sides.

Guerrillas murdered civilian Unionists, executed prisoners, and the dead. The Union presence enforced with on homes, arrests of civilians, summary, and of Confederate sympathizers from the state.The James–Samuel family sided with the Confederates at the outbreak of war. Frank James joined a local company recruited for the secessionist Drew Lobbs Army, and fought at the in August 1861. He fell ill and returned home soon afterward.

In 1863, he was identified as a member of a guerrilla squad that operated in Clay County. In May of that year, a Union militia company raided the James–Samuel farm looking for Frank's group. They Reuben Samuel by briefly hanging him from a tree.

According to legend, they lashed young Jesse. Quantrill's RaidersFrank James eluded capture and was believed to have joined the guerrilla organization led by known as. It is thought that he took part in the notorious in, a center of. Frank followed Quantrill to over the winter of 1863–1864.

In the spring he returned in a squad commanded by Fletch Taylor. After they arrived in Clay County, 16-year-old Jesse James joined his brother in Taylor's group.Taylor was severely wounded in the summer of 1864, losing his right arm to a shotgun blast. The James brothers then joined the bushwhacker group led. Jesse suffered a serious wound to the chest that summer. The Clay County provost marshal reported that both Frank and Jesse James took part in the in September, in which guerrillas stopped a train carrying unarmed Union soldiers returning home from duty and killed or wounded some 22 of them; the guerrillas scalped and dismembered some of the dead.

The guerrillas also and defeated a pursuing regiment of Major A.V.E. Johnson's Union troops, killing all who tried to surrender, who numbered more than 100. Frank later identified Jesse as a member of the band who had fatally shot Major Johnson.As a result of the James brothers' activities, Union military authorities forced their family to leave Clay County. Though ordered to move South beyond Union lines, they moved north across the nearby state border into.After 'Bloody Bill' Anderson was killed in an ambush in October, the James brothers separated. Frank followed Quantrill into, while Jesse went to Texas under the command of, one of Anderson's lieutenants.

He is known to have returned to Missouri in the spring. At the age of 17, Jesse suffered the second of two life-threatening chest wounds when he was shot while trying to surrender after they ran into a Union patrol near.

After the Civil War. Clay County Savings in Liberty, MissouriAt the end of the Civil War, Missouri remained deeply divided. The conflict split the population into three bitterly opposed factions: anti-slavery Unionists, identified with the; segregationist conservative Unionists, identified with the; and pro-slavery, ex-Confederate secessionists, many of whom were also allied with the Democrats, especially in the southern part of the state.The Republican-dominated legislature passed a new state constitution that freed Missouri's slaves. It temporarily excluded former Confederates from voting, serving on juries, becoming corporate officers, or preaching from church pulpits. The atmosphere was volatile, with widespread clashes between individuals and between armed gangs of veterans from both sides of the war.Jesse recovered from his chest wound at his uncle's boardinghouse in Harlem, Missouri (north across the from the City of Kansas' River Quay changed to Kansas City in 1889). He was tended to by his first cousin, named after Jesse's mother. Jesse and his cousin began a nine-year courtship that culminated in their marriage.

Meanwhile, his former commander kept his bushwhacker gang together and began to harass Republican authorities.These men were the likely culprits in the first daylight armed bank robbery in the United States during peacetime, the robbery of the Clay County Savings Association in the town of, on February 13, 1866. The bank was owned by Republican former militia officers. They had recently conducted the first Republican Party rally in Clay County's history. During the gang's escape from the town, an innocent bystander, a student at, was shot dead on the street.It remains unclear whether Jesse and Frank took part in the Clay County robbery. After the James brothers successfully conducted other robberies and became legendary, some observers retroactively credited them with being the leaders of the robbery. Others have argued that Jesse was at the time still bedridden with his wound, and therefore could not have participated.

No evidence has been found that connects either brother to the crime, nor conclusively rules them out. On June 13, 1866, in, the gang freed two jailed members of Quantrill's gang, killing the jailer in the effort. Historians believe that the James brothers were indeed involved in this crime.Local violence continued to increase in the state; Governor had recently ordered a company of militia into to suppress guerrilla activity. Continued his career of crime and harassment of the Republican government, to the extent of occupying the town of on election day in 1866. Shortly afterward, the state militia shot Clement dead.

James wrote about this death with bitterness a decade later.The survivors of Clement's gang continued to conduct bank robberies during the next two years, though their numbers dwindled through, gunfights. While they later tried to justify robbing the banks, most of their targets were small, local banks based on local capital, and the robberies only penalized the locals they claimed to support.

On May 23, 1867, for example, they robbed a bank in, in which they killed the and two others. It remains uncertain whether either of the James brothers took part, although an eyewitness who knew the brothers told a newspaper seven years later 'positively and emphatically that he recognized Jesse and Frank James. Among the robbers.' In 1868, Frank and Jesse James allegedly joined in robbing a bank in.Jesse James did not become well-known until December 7, 1869, when he and (most likely) Frank robbed the Daviess County Savings Association in. The robbery netted little money. Jesse is believed to have shot and killed the cashier, Captain John Sheets, mistakenly believing him to be, the militia officer who had killed 'Bloody Bill' Anderson during the Civil War.James claimed he was taking revenge, and the daring escape he and Frank made through the middle of a posse shortly afterward attracted newspaper coverage for the first time. An 1882 history of said, 'The history of Daviess County has no blacker crime in its pages than the murder of John W.

State of Missouri vs. Frank & Jesse James including indictment; capias to Clay & Jackson Counties; sheriff's returns; warrant to any sheriff or marshall of the Criminal Court in Missouri. Courtesy of the Missouri State Archives.The only known civil case involving Frank and Jesse James was filed in the Common Pleas Court of Daviess County in 1870.

In the case, Daniel Smoote asked for $223.50 from Frank and Jesse James to replace a horse, saddle, and bridle stolen as they fled the robbery of the Daviess County Savings Bank. The brothers denied the charges, saying they were not in Daviess County on December 7, the day the robbery occurred. As Frank and Jesse failed to appear in court, Smoote won his case against them. It is unlikely that he ever collected the money due.The 1869 robbery marked the emergence of Jesse James as the most famous survivor of the former Confederate bushwhackers. It was the first time he was publicly labeled an 'outlaw'; Missouri Governor set a reward for his capture. This was the beginning of an alliance between James and, editor and founder of the. Edwards, a former Confederate cavalryman, was campaigning to return former secessionists to power in Missouri.

Six months after the Gallatin robbery, Edwards published the first of many letters from Jesse James to the public, asserting his innocence. Over time, the letters gradually became more political in tone, as James denounced the Republicans and expressed his pride in his Confederate loyalties. Together with Edwards's admiring editorials, the letters helped James become a symbol of Confederate defiance of federal Reconstruction policy.

Jesse's initiative in creating his rising public profile is debated by historians and biographers. The high tensions in politics accompanied his outlaw career and enhanced his notoriety. James–Younger GangMeanwhile, the James brothers joined with Cole Younger and his brothers, and, as well as and other former Confederates, to form what came to be known as the. With Jesse James as the most public face of the gang (though with operational leadership likely shared among the group), the gang carried out a string of robberies from to, and from Kansas to. They robbed banks, stagecoaches and a fair in, often carrying out their crimes in front of crowds, and even hamming it up for the bystanders.On July 21, 1873, they turned to, derailing a train west of and stealing approximately $3,000 (equivalent to $63,000 in 2018).

For this, they wore masks. By this time, the Klan had been suppressed in the South by President Grant's use of the. Former rebels attacked the railroads as symbols of threatening centralization.The gang's later train robberies had a lighter touch. The gang held up passengers only twice, choosing in all other incidents to take only the contents of the express safe in the baggage car. John Newman Edwards made sure to highlight such techniques when creating an image of James as a kind of. Despite public sentiment toward the gang's crimes, there is no evidence that the James gang ever shared any of the robbery money outside their personal circle.Jesse and his cousin married on April 24, 1874.

They had two children who survived to adulthood: (b. 1875) and Mary Susan James (later Barr, b. Twins Gould and Montgomery James (b. 1878) died in infancy. Became a lawyer who practiced in Kansas City, Missouri.

PinkertonsIn 1874, the turned to the to stop the. The -based agency worked primarily against urban professional criminals, as well as providing industrial security, such as. Because the received support by many former Confederate soldiers in Missouri, they eluded the Pinkertons. Joseph Whicher, an agent dispatched to infiltrate Zerelda Samuel's farm, was soon found killed. Two other agents, Captain Louis J. Lull and John Boyle, were sent after the Youngers; Lull was killed by two of the Youngers in a roadside gunfight on March 17, 1874.

Before he died, Lull fatally shot. A deputy sheriff named Edwin Daniels also died in the skirmish.

External video, the agency's founder and leader, took on the case as a personal vendetta. He began to work with former Unionists who lived near the James family farm. On the night of January 25, 1875, he staged a raid on the homestead. Detectives threw an incendiary device into the house; it exploded, killing James's young half-brother Archie (named for Archie Clement) and blowing off one of Zerelda Samuel's arms. Afterward, Pinkerton denied that the raid's intent was.

But biographer Ted Yeatman located a letter by Pinkerton in the in which Pinkerton declared his intention to 'burn the house down.' Many residents were outraged by the raid on the family home. The Missouri state legislature narrowly defeated a bill that praised the James and Younger brothers and offered them.

Allowed to vote and hold office again, former Confederates in the legislature voted to limit the size of rewards which the governor could make for fugitives. This extended a measure of protection over the by minimizing the incentive for attempting to capture them.

The governor had offered rewards higher than the new limit only on Frank and Jesse James.Across a creek and up a hill from the James house was the home of Daniel Askew, who is thought to have been killed by James or his gang on April 12, 1875. They may have suspected Askew of cooperating with the in the January 1875 arson of the James house.

Downfall of the gangOn September 7, 1876—the opening day of hunting season in Minnesota—the James–Younger gang attempted a raid on the of. The robbery quickly went wrong, however, and after the robbery, only Frank and Jesse James remained alive and free.Cole and Bob Younger later stated that they selected the bank because they believed it was associated with the Republican politician, the governor of during Reconstruction, and Union general, Ames's father-in-law and the Union commander of occupied.

Ames was a stockholder in the bank, but Butler had no direct connection to it.The gang attempted to rob the bank in Northfield at about 2 pm. To carry out the robbery, the gang divided into two groups. Three men entered the bank, two guarded the door outside, and three remained near a bridge across an adjacent square. The robbers inside the bank were thwarted when acting cashier refused to open the safe, falsely claiming that it was secured by a even as they held a to his throat and with a pistol butt.

Assistant cashier Alonzo Enos Bunker was wounded in the shoulder as he fled through the back door of the bank. Meanwhile, the citizens of Northfield grew suspicious of the men guarding the door and raised the alarm. The five bandits outside fired into the air to clear the streets, driving the townspeople to take cover and fire back from protected positions. They shot two bandits dead and wounded the rest in the barrage. Inside, the outlaws turned to flee. As they left, one shot the unarmed cashier Heywood in the head. Historians have speculated about the identity of the shooter but have not reached consensus.The gang barely escaped Northfield, leaving two dead companions behind.

They killed Heywood and, a Swedish immigrant from the Millersburg community west of Northfield. A massive manhunt ensued. It is believed that the gang burned 14 mills shortly after the robbery. The James brothers eventually split from the others and escaped to Missouri. The militia soon discovered the Youngers and one other bandit, Charlie Pitts.

In a gunfight, Pitts died and the Youngers were taken prisoner. Except for Frank and Jesse James, the James–Younger Gang was destroyed.Later in 1876, Jesse and Frank James surfaced in the, area, where they went by the names of Thomas Howard and B. J. Woodson, respectively.

Frank seemed to settle down, but Jesse remained restless. He recruited a new gang in 1879 and returned to crime, holding up a train at Glendale, Missouri (now part of ), on October 8, 1879. The robbery was the first in a spree of crimes, including the hold-up of the federal paymaster of a canal project in, and two more train robberies. But the new gang was not made up of battle-hardened guerrillas; they soon turned against each other or were captured. James grew suspicious of other members; he scared away one man and some believe that he killed another gang member.In 1879, the James gang robbed two stores in far western, at in and in. The gang absconded with $2,000 cash in the second robbery and took shelter in abandoned cabins on the Kemp Plantation south of,.

A law enforcement posse attacked and killed two of the outlaws but failed to capture the entire gang. Among the deputies was, later a long-serving in northeastern Louisiana.By 1881, with local Tennessee authorities growing suspicious, the brothers returned to Missouri, where they felt safer.

James moved his family to, Missouri in November 1881, not far from where he had been born and reared. Frank, however, decided to move to safer territory and headed east to settle in.

They intended to give up crime. The James gang had been reduced to the two of them. Jesse James's home in St.

Joseph, where he was shot (currently at the grounds of the Patee House)With nearly annihilated, James trusted only the Ford brothers,. Although Charley had been out on raids with James, Bob Ford was an eager new recruit. For protection, James asked the Ford brothers to move in with him and his family. James had often stayed with their sister Martha Bolton and, according to rumor, he was 'smitten' with her.

By that time, Bob Ford had conducted secret negotiations with Missouri Governor, planning to bring in the famous outlaw. Crittenden had made capture of the James brothers his top priority; in his inaugural address he declared that no political motives could be allowed to keep them from justice. Barred by law from offering a large reward, he had turned to the railroad and express corporations to put up a $5,000 bounty for the delivery of each of them and an additional $5,000 for the conviction of either of them. A shows Robert Ford famously shooting Jesse James in the back while he hangs a picture in his house. Ford's brother Charles looks on.On April 3, 1882, after eating breakfast, the Fords and Jameses went into the living room before traveling to for a robbery. From the newspaper, James had just learned that gang member had confessed to participating in 's murder. He was suspicious that the Fords had not told him about it.

Robert Ford later said he believed that James had realized they were there to betray him. Instead of confronting them, James walked across the living room and laid his revolvers on a sofa. He turned around and noticed a dusty picture above the mantle, and stood on a chair to clean it. Download video dilan 1991 full movie mp4. Robert Ford drew his weapon, and shot the unarmed Jesse James in the back of the head.James's two previous bullet wounds and partially missing middle finger served to positively identify the body.The death of Jesse James became a national sensation. The Fords made no attempt to hide their role.

Robert Ford wired the governor to claim his reward. Crowds pressed into the little house in St. Joseph to see the dead bandit. The Ford brothers surrendered to the authorities and were dismayed to be charged with. In the course of a single day, the Ford brothers were indicted, pleaded guilty, were sentenced to death by, and were granted a full pardon by Governor Crittenden. The governor's quick pardon suggested he knew the brothers intended to kill James rather than capture him.

The implication that the chief executive of Missouri conspired to kill a private citizen startled the public and added to James's notoriety.After receiving a small portion of the reward, the Fords fled Missouri. Sheriff and Marshal Henry H. Craig, who were law enforcement officials active in the plan, were awarded the majority of the bounty. Later the Ford brothers starred in a touring stage show in which they re-enacted the shooting. Public opinion was divided between those against the Fords for murdering Jesse, and those of the opinion that it had been time for the outlaw to be stopped. Suffering from (then incurable) and a addiction, Charley Ford committed suicide on May 6, 1884, in.

Bob Ford operated a tent saloon in. On June 8, 1892, went to Creede, loaded a double-barrel shotgun, entered Ford's saloon and said 'Hello, Bob,' before shooting Ford in the throat, killing him instantly.

O'Kelley was sentenced to life in prison, but his sentence was subsequently commuted because of a 7,000-signature petition in favor of his release and a medical condition. The Governor of Colorado pardoned him on October 3, 1902.

Jesse James Gravestone in Kearney, Missouri.James's original grave was on his family property, but he was later moved to a cemetery in Kearney. The original footstone is still there, although the family has replaced the headstone. James's mother Zerelda Samuel wrote the following epitaph for him: 'In Loving Memory of my Beloved Son, Murdered by a Traitor and Coward Whose Name is not Worthy to Appear Here.' James' widow died alone and in.Rumors of survivalRumors of Jesse James's survival proliferated almost as soon as the newspapers announced his death. Some said that Robert Ford killed someone other than James, in an elaborate plot to allow him to escape justice. These tales have received little credence, then or since.

None of James's biographers accepted them as plausible. The body buried in Kearney, Missouri as Jesse James was exhumed in 1995 and subjected to typing.

The report, prepared by Anne C. Stone, Ph.D., James E. Starrs, L.L.M., and Mark Stoneking, Ph.D., stated the mtDNA recovered from the remains was consistent with the mtDNA of one of James's relatives in the female line.The theme of survival was featured in a 2009 documentary, Jesse James' Hidden Treasure, which aired on the. The documentary was dismissed as pseudo-history and pseudoscience by historian Nancy Samuelson in a review she wrote for the Winter 2009–2010 edition of The James-Younger Gang Journal.claimed to be Jesse James; he died August 15, 1951, in.

Dalton was allegedly 101 years old at the time of his first public appearance, in May 1948. His story did not hold up to questioning from James's surviving relatives. Further information: andJames's turn to crime after the end of the helped cement his place in American life and memory as a simple but remarkably effective bandit.

After 1873 he was covered by the national media as part of social banditry. During his lifetime, James was celebrated chiefly by former Confederates, to whom he appealed directly in his letters to the press. Displaced by Reconstruction, the political leadership mythologized the James Gang exploits. Frank Triplett wrote about James as a 'progressive neo-aristocrat' with 'purity of race'. Some historians credit James' myth as contributing to the rise of former Confederates to dominance in Missouri politics. In the 1880s, both from the state, former military commander and former, were identified with the.In the 1880s, after James' death, the James Gang became the subject of that represented the bandits as models of.

During the and eras, James became an icon as America's, standing up against in defense of the small farmer, robbing from the rich and giving to the poor. But there is no evidence that he shared the loot of his robberies with anyone other than his gang members; they enjoyed the riches with him.In the 1950s, James was pictured as a psychologically troubled individual rather than a social rebel. Some filmmakers portrayed the former outlaw as a revenger, replacing 'social with exclusively personal motives.' While his 'heroic outlaw' image is commonly portrayed in films, as well as in songs and folklore, since the late 20th century, historians such as Stiles have classified him as a self-aware vigilante and terrorist who used local tensions to create his own myth among the widespread guerrillas and following the.Jesse James remains a controversial symbol, one who can always be reinterpreted in various ways according to cultural tensions and needs. Some of the movement regard him as a hero.

But renewed cultural battles over the place of the Civil War in American history have replaced the long-standing interpretation of James as a Western frontier hero.MuseumsMuseums and sites devoted to Jesse James:. in: In 1974, bought the property. The county operates the site as a house museum and historic site. It was listed on the in 1972, with a boundary increase in 1978.: The house where Jesse James was killed in south was moved in 1939 to the Belt Highway on St.

Joseph's east side to attract tourists. In 1977, it was moved to its current location, near, which was the headquarters of the. The house is owned and operated by the Pony Express Historical Association.

The Jesse James Bank Museum, on the square in, is the site of the first daylight bank robbery in the United States in peacetime. The museum is managed by Clay County along with the James Farm Home and Museum outside of Kearney. First National Bank of Northfield: The Northfield Historical Society in, has restored the building that housed the First National Bank, the scene of the 1876 raid.

Heaton Bowman Funeral Home, 36th Street and Frederick Avenue,: The funeral home's predecessor conducted the original autopsy and funeral for Jesse James. A room in the back holds the log book and other documentation.

The Jesse James Tavern is located in Asdee,. It has been claimed that James' ancestors were from that area of Ireland. But documented evidence suggests that on his father's side, Jesse was a third-generation American of English descent.Festivalsin, is among the largest outdoor celebrations in the state. It is held annually in September during the weekend after Labor Day. Thousands of visitors watch reenactments of the robbery, a championship, a, performances of a 19th-century style musical, and a during the five-day event.Jesse James' boyhood home in Kearney, Missouri, is operated as a museum dedicated to the town's most famous resident. Each year a recreational fair, the Jesse James Festival, is held during the third weekend in September.The annual Victorian Festival in is held on Labor Day weekend at the 1866 Col. Fulkerson estate.

Festivities include telling Jesse James' history in stories and by reenactments of holdups. Over the three-day event, thousands of spectators learn of the documented James Gang's stopover at Hazel Dell and of their connection with ex-Confederate Fulkerson., the site of the robbery of the Southern Bank in 1868, holds a reenactment of the robbery every year as of the Logan County Tobacco and Heritage Festival.The small town of, also hosts a town-wide annual Jesse James Outlaw Roundup Festival, usually in the early to mid-autumn.

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Pelican Publishing, 1987, p. 27., edited by: James Patrick Byrne, Philip Coleman, Jason Francis King, pp. Retrieved September 6, 2012. JesseJamesFestival.com.

GreatRiverRoad.com. Logan County Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved December 5, 2017. onBibliography. Fellman, Michael. Inside War: The Guerrilla Conflict in Missouri onto the American Civil War.

Oxford University Press, 1990. Settle, William A. Jesse James Was His Name, or, Fact and Fiction Concerning the Careers of the Notorious James Brothers of Missouri'. University of Nebraska Press, 1977. Stiles, T. Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War.

Knopf Publishing, 2002. Yeatman, Ted P. Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend. Cumberland House Publishing, 2000. Quist, B. Wayne, The History of the Christdala Evangelical Swedish Lutheran Church of Millersburg, Minnesota, Dundas, Minnesota, Third Edition, July 2009, page 19-23, The Murder of Nicholaus Gustafson.Further reading. Dyer, Robert.

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'Jesse James and the Civil War in Missouri,', 1994. Hobsbawm, Eric J. Bandits, Pantheon, 1981. Koblas, John J. Faithful Unto Death, Northfield Historical Society Press, 2001.

Smith, Carter F. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017. Thelen, David.

Paths of Resistance: Tradition and Dignity in Industrializing Missouri, 1986. Wellman, Paul I. A Dynasty of Western Outlaws., 1961; 1986. White, Richard. 'Outlaw Gangs of the Middle Border: American Social Bandits,' 12, no.

4 (October 1981)External linksWikimedia Commons has media related to.has the text of a 1920 article about. at. at fbi.gov.

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Using the information from the, and the videos above, and the from Syrian Refugees, write a narrative the explains the following:. Summarize and describe how you would explain the Syrian crisis to your friends. Describe the difference between refugees and internally displaced people. Does the world have more refugees or internally displaced people?. Based on the map from Uprooted, which country has the highest number of refugees? Internally displaced people? ​. Describe the spatial distribution of the internally displaced camps in Syria.

Describe the living conditions in the 5th largest city in Jordan. Often times, when a government wants to eliminate people, without destroying the buildings and infrastructure of a city or town, they will use gas weapons. The Russian government, who wants to protect the current Syrian government, has used social media and 'fake news' in an attempt to discredit news reports and military intelligence that chemical weapons were used by the Assad-led government.​has an excellent article on the disinformation campaign being used to convince people that the chemical attack on citizens never happened. The United States Pentagon has said it has that chemical weapons were used on the Syrian people.

Describe the evidence the world has that the Syrian government chemically gassed its people. The evidence is clear that the Assad government, ISIS, and rebel groups all want control of Syria. The United States has funded financially or with weaponry the rebel groups who will fight the Assad government and ISIS.

Russia has been funding, financially and with weaponry, the Assad government to attack ISIS and the rebel groups (who are funded by the United States. What evidence is there that the United States and Russia are entering a new cold war?.

Should the United States remain in Syria? Explain your answer. ​. Hell on Earth: Horrific aftermath of alleged Syria chemical attack. Retrieved fromAl Jazeera English. 🇸🇾 Syria chemical attack: “Many children have been killed” Al Jazeera English.

Retrieved fromBerti - 2015 - The Syrian Refugee Crisis Regional and Human Secu.pdf. Retrieved fromBerti, B. The Syrian Refugee Crisis: Regional and Human Security Implications, 17(4), 13.Business Insider. Spread of ISIS through Iraq and Syria. Retrieved fromCNN. The challenge for US with Russia in Syria. Retrieved fromMaps, E.

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The World’s 10 Largest Refugee Camps. Retrieved March 4, 2019, fromOstrand - The Syrian Refugee Crisis A Comparison of Respons.pdf. Retrieved fromOstrand, N. The Syrian Refugee Crisis: A Comparison of Responses by Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Journal on Migration and Human Security, 25.Political Geography – Introduction to Human Geography. Retrieved March 4, 2019, fromPopulation of Syrian Arab Republic 2017 - PopulationPyramid.net.

Retrieved March 4, 2019, fromSyrian Civil War. Retrieved March 4, 2019, fromThe Atlantic. The Harrowing Personal Stories of Syrian Refugees, in Their Own Words.

Retrieved fromThe Daily Conversation. Europe’s Refugee Crisis Explained. Retrieved fromThe Guardian.

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Syria’s child refugees: “You feel that they have lost their hearts.” Retrieved fromThe Guardian. The war in Syria explained in five minutes Guardian Animations. Retrieved fromThe Strategic Implications of the Syrian Refugee Crisis: Survival: Vol 57, No 6. Retrieved March 4, 2019, fromThe Uprooted. Retrieved March 4, 2019, fromVICE News. How the US Created the Islamic State: Talking Heads. Retrieved fromvlogbrothers.

Syria in Five Minutes. Retrieved fromvlogbrothers. Understanding the Refugee Crisis in Europe, Syria, and around the World. Retrieved fromVox. Syria’s war: Who is fighting and why. Retrieved fromVox.

The rise of ISIS, explained in 6 minutes. Retrieved fromWall Street Journal. Al Qaeda: The Jihadist Divide.

Retrieved fromWashington Post. What you need to know about Russia, Syria and the complex war that’s lead to U.S. Retrieved fromWhy Russia Is So Involved With The Syrian Civil War - YouTube. Retrieved March 4, 2019, from.